Tahammul wa al-Ada: Epistemological Mechanics of Hadith Transmission from Classical Sanad Tradition to the Digital Era

Abstrak

Hadith is the second primary source of Islamic teachings after the Qur'an and serves to explain and elaborate various aspects of Islamic law and guidance. Therefore, the authenticity and validity of hadith must be preserved through a systematic and accountable chain of transmission (sanad). This study aims to explain the concepts of tahammul al-hadith and ada' al-hadith and to examine their roles in preserving the authenticity and continuity of hadith transmission within the sanad tradition. The study employs a qualitative approach using library research. Data were collected from various classical texts, books, journals, articles, and relevant previous studies and were analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method. The findings indicate that tahammul al-hadith refers to the process of receiving hadith from a teacher through recognized methods in hadith studies, while ada' al-hadith refers to the process of transmitting the received hadith to subsequent generations while maintaining the accuracy of both the sanad and the matn. These two concepts constitute the fundamental basis of the hadith transmission system because they preserve the continuity of the chain of narrators, verify the credibility of transmitters, and prevent errors, alterations, and fabrications of hadith. Therefore, tahammul al-hadith and ada' al-hadith play a crucial role in safeguarding the authenticity and validity of the Prophet Muhammad's traditions as reliable and authoritative sources of Islamic teachings.